Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. PD manifests through a complex array of motor and non-motor symptoms that significantly impact patients’ quality of life. This article discusses treatment strategies for PD, including continuous non-oral therapy.
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles in the brain. This article discusses the use of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, such as aducanumab and lecanemab, that directly target the Aβ pathology for the treatment of AD, including mild cognitive impairment.
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide and is characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures. This article discusses the efficacy and safety of third-generation antiseizure medications for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults.
Spasticity is a common condition resulting from various neurological disorders, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury, and it has profound implications for patients’ quality of life. Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) temporarily relax muscles by reducing acetylcholine neurotransmission, offering efficacious symptom management for spasticity. This article focuses on the use of BoNTs in spasticity treatment, describing different approved and recommended BoNT treatments, including how and when to use them and appropriate dosing recommendations.
Episodic migraine is a major cause of disability worldwide that significantly impacts individuals’ quality of life and ability to function. Recent discoveries have uncovered the significant role calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays in migraine and have enabled the development of novel therapies that target this pathway. This article discusses recently developed CGRP antagonists for the acute and preventive treatment of episodic migraine.
Editor’s Note: This article was originally posted on Clinical Advisor on 08/24/2021. Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by severe and persistent daytime sleepiness. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition recognizes 2 types of narcolepsy: narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and type 2 (NT2). NT1 is associated with the symptom of cataplexy, the sudden loss of…
The clinical course of MS is highly heterogeneous but can be broadly classified as relapsing MS (RMS). As MS is a heterogeneous and progressive condition, in this article we review identifying specific disease biomarkers that can help to predict the severity of disease course, facilitate diagnosis, and initiate individualized treatment decision-making.
Spinal muscular atrophy is one of the most common causes of infant mortality. Historically, SMA treatment consisted of supportive care only. The arrival of disease-modifying therapies has made a major impact on the prognosis for patients with SMA. This article highlights therapies approved by the FDA, such as survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) modulators, SMN1 gene therapy, and the use of newborn screening to commence treatment in the pre-symptomatic period.
The prevalence of narcolepsy is on the rise in the United States. This article reviews the current understanding and management of narcoleptic daytime sleepiness.
Relapsing–remitting MS was once thought to be mediated primarily by T lymphocytes, but emerging evidence points toward B lymphocytes as another potential target. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapies that deplete B lymphocytes have shown promise in reducing disability, halting new brain lesions, and decreasing the number of treatments required to limit disease activity.
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